Statuette of a dog. China, Han dynasty 206 BC. - 220 A.D.).

Statuette of a dog. China, Han dynasty 206 BC. - 220 A.D.).
Ceramic.
Good state of preservation. Includes thermoluminescence test by the QED laboratory (Reference: QED2533/EC-0101) and certificate of authenticity from the Chambre Européenne des Experts Conseil en Œuvres d'Art (CECOA), 1998.
Provenance: former Belgian private collection, B.H.; formerly in the private collection of G.Q.; ex Galerie Arts et Civilisations (1998).
Measurements: 32 x 31.50 x 16 cm.

Dog figurines from the Han dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) are a common type of funerary figure, reflecting the close relationship between humans and animals in ancient Chinese society. These ceramic figurines were placed in tombs as part of the belief in an afterlife, where it was thought that the deceased would need the same care, comforts and protections as in the earthly world. Dogs, prized as guardians, hunters and loyal companions, were symbolically included to provide security and companionship in the afterlife.

Most of these statuettes are made of faience, and some feature a greenish lead glaze known as sancai, while others were cold-painted with pigments that have faded over time. The dogs are usually depicted seated or standing, with erect ears, alert expressions and compact, muscular bodies, characteristics similar to the native Chinese breeds used to protect homes and livestock. Some figures display collars or bells around their necks, highlighting their role as domesticated animals.

These sculptures were not simple ornaments, but had symbolic and functional significance. Within the Han worldview, dogs were considered protectors against evil spirits and intruders, both in the world of the living and the dead. Their presence in tombs suggests that they were seen as essential to maintaining security and order in the afterlife. This practice was part of a larger tradition: burial with mingqi (??), or "spiritual objects," which recreated elements of daily life to accompany the deceased.

The abundance of dog figurines also reflects the agricultural and domestic structure of the Han dynasty, where these animals were not only companions, but also a fundamental part of work and rural life.